Archive for the ‘Science’ Category

Training Notes

Monday, January 19th, 2009

Yesterday, I went out and rode 30 miles. A week and a half ago I got 18, but a week and a half is a long time. There was a stiff 10-15 mph headwind that made the trip out one and a half hours and the trip back one hour. Headwinds always amaze me like that.

I really cranked up the mileage on the idea that the body, or my body at least, responds better to less frequent longer duration rides for putting on muscle and conditioning for endurance. All the long, hard rides last summer seemed to really jump up my speed/intensity within about 3 days.

The challenge last year was one long 100 mile ride. The second day would have been nice, but it was really optional the whole time. This year it’s consecutive riding. In March, 50 miles/day all week. In July, 100 miles back to back. This would seem to require a longer outlook.

I’m hoping to integrate more commuter cycling to get miles, though low quality. There seem to be two trips at least that would be good for this. The first is to work and back. The second is to yoga. It made me nervous last year to leave my bike alone. So, I’ll have a folding bike I can keep in eyeshot. This should help with the weather too. It’s seldom fun to hop on a day long soaked bike.

When Mom and I trained all those years ago I noticed that you have a very different attitude about land you ride through. Cars blow by everything. It seems to be all about time and distance. Hills, rain, grass, etc. are all abstracted away to a picture window that streams by all sides of the car. This is a good thing, but you don’t really have a sense of what you are driving through. Bicycling seems like a good pace. Certainly, a bit slow sometimes. There’s a feeling like you actually know what you rode by. It’s kind of hard to explain. Maybe the difference between being able to say I have been there and I know about there.

Nobel Given for Glow-in-the-Dark Research

Wednesday, October 8th, 2008

OMG, the researchers who invented technique for glow in the dark animals won a noble price. Remember the pigs, her babies, fish, and cats.

Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien and Osamu Shimomura made it possible to exploit the genetic mechanism responsible for luminosity in the marine creatures.

Today, countless scientists use this knowledge to tag biological systems.

Glowing markers will show, for example, how brain cells develop or how cancer cells spread through tissue.

But their uses really have become legion: they are now even incorporated into bacteria to act as environmental biosensors in the presence of toxic materials.

‘Glowing’ jellyfish grabs Nobel

Query by humming

Monday, September 29th, 2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_by_humming

Query by humming (QbH) is a music retrieval system that branches off the original classification systems of title, artist, composer, and genre. It normally applies to songs or other music with a distinct single theme or melody. The system involves taking a user-hummed melody (input query) and comparing it to an existing database. The system then returns a ranked list of music closest to the input query.

Periodic Table of Videos

Friday, September 26th, 2008

Tables charting the chemical elements have been around since the 19th century – but this modern version has a short video about each one.

Since launching this site, our videos have been watched more than 2.4 million times.

But we’re not finished yet. We’ve started updating all the videos with new stories, better samples and bigger experiments.

So once you’ve watched all 118 videos, make sure you come back and check on our progress.
http://periodicvideos.com/

NS: Bacteria make major evolutionary shift in the lab

Wednesday, June 11th, 2008

A major evolutionary innovation has unfurled right in front of researchers’ eyes. It’s the first time evolution has been caught in the act of making such a rare and complex new trait.

Twenty years ago, evolutionary biologist Richard Lenski of Michigan State University in East Lansing, US, took a single Escherichia coli bacterium and used its descendants to found 12 laboratory populations.

The 12 have been growing ever since, gradually accumulating mutations and evolving for more than 44,000 generations, while Lenski watches what happens.

But sometime around the 31,500th generation, something dramatic happened in just one of the populations ñ the bacteria suddenly acquired the ability to metabolise citrate, a second nutrient in their culture medium that E. coli normally cannot use.

Indeed, the inability to use citrate is one of the traits by which bacteriologists distinguish E. coli from other species. The citrate-using mutants increased in population size and diversity.

That meant the “citrate-plus” trait must have been something special ñ either it was a single mutation of an unusually improbable sort, a rare chromosome inversion, say, or else gaining the ability to use citrate required the accumulation of several mutations in sequence.

In the meantime, the experiment stands as proof that evolution does not always lead to the best possible outcome. Instead, a chance event can sometimes open evolutionary doors for one population that remain forever closed to other populations with different histories.

Lenski’s experiment is also yet another poke in the eye for anti-evolutionists, notes Jerry Coyne, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. “The thing I like most is it says you can get these complex traits evolving by a combination of unlikely events,” he says. “That’s just what creationists say can’t happen.”
Bacteria make major evolutionary shift in the lab

Dr. Michio Kaku

Monday, May 5th, 2008

Dr. Michio Kaku

Physics of the Impossible: A Scientific Exploration into the World of Phasers, Force Fields, Teleportation, and Time Travel

Amazon Review of 3/22/2008
I think the biggest reason some people reject evolution is a lack of imagination. It’s difficult for humans to picture the vast amount of time it takes for organisms to evolve. To speculate on the many mysteries of science takes a vivid imagination. Fortunately, author Michio Kaku has one. He brings a bright-eyed, gee-whiz sense of wonder to his subject, and his writing makes it contagious.

Kaku’s passion is the impossible, and in this book he explores different kinds of impossibilities. Class I ideas — – force fields, invisibility, phasers and death stars, teleportation, telepathy, psychokinesis, robots, extraterrestrials and UFOs, starships, antimatter and anti-universes — could come true within a hundred years. Class II impossibilities, such as travel faster than light, time travel and parallel universes, may be possible in the next millennium. Class III ideas, like perpetual motion machines and precognition, may never be possible, given the underlying science.

As Kaku explores his subjects, he uses references anyone can understand: Star Trek, Back to the Future, The Wizard of Oz, Flash Gordon, Men in Black. The result is an imminently readable physics primer.

I hesitated to use the phrase “physics primer” in that last paragraph, because it might scare off people who would actually find this book fascinating. The truth is, this is nothing like that dry science book you remember from school. It entertains, educates and inspires.

AFP: German schoolboy corrects NASA’s asteroid figures

Wednesday, April 16th, 2008

In a reminder that the experts are not always right..


German schoolboy, 13, corrects NASA’s asteroid figures: paper

BERLIN (AFP) — A 13-year-old German schoolboy corrected NASA’s estimates on the chances of an asteroid colliding with Earth, a German newspaper reported Tuesday, after spotting the boffins had miscalculated.

Nico Marquardt used telescopic findings from the Institute of Astrophysics in Potsdam (AIP) to calculate that there was a 1 in 450 chance that the Apophis asteroid will collide with Earth, the Potsdamer Neuerster Nachrichten reported.

NASA had previously estimated the chances at only 1 in 45,000 but told its sister organisation, the European Space Agency (ESA), that the young whizzkid had got it right.

The schoolboy took into consideration the risk of Apophis running into one or more of the 40,000 satellites orbiting Earth during its path close to the planet on April 13 2029.

Those satellites travel at 3.07 kilometres a second (1.9 miles), at up to 35,880 kilometres above earth — and the Apophis asteroid will pass by earth at a distance of 32,500 kilometres.

If the asteroid strikes a satellite in 2029, that will change its trajectory making it hit earth on its next orbit in 2036.

Dark Matter or Not Dark Matter

Sunday, April 13th, 2008

The Guardian has an article talking about the mysterious progress of the oldest human space probes, Pioneer 10 and 11. The question is, “Is there dark matter or is the the universal law of gravitation wrong?” I think dark matter is bullshit like the theory of ether. Though I’m sure there is matter that does not reflect light back to the Earth. The fallibility of the law of gravitation has a recurrent pattern like the law of gravitational acceleration before relativity was accepted.

It is issues like these that should push us to throw probes as far out as possible to give us a sort of stereoscopic view of the universe. Perhaps, observatories or simple measurement devices designed to have an operational lifespan of 30 years. These simple devices may be able to answer physics questions by direct evidence instead of Earth based observation and complex analysis. No matter how detailed the analysis, a cyclops has only one eye and no depth perception.

FIB: Aubrey de Grey on the Thousand Year Lifespan

Saturday, April 12th, 2008

Futures in Biotech was interesting last week, because it talked about why people’s bodies age. and the person being interviewed started as a Computer Scientist and switch to studying aging. The topic of aging and it’s reversal comes up in the metaphysical material. Most often statements like we will be able to stop it, soon.

Host: Marc Pelletier
Guest: Aubrey de Grey; Chairman and Chief Science Officer, the Methuselah Foundation.

Benjamin Franklin said: “In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes”. But in these times of technological revolution, does this statement still hold true? And if so, for how long? Genes have been identified that upon activation can extend lifespan in most organisms. The great labs of Leonard Guarente at MIT (featured in FiB episode 2), Cynthia Kenyon at UCSF, as well Linda Buck, Nobel Laureate in 2004, are all working arduously to elucidate the molecular details to both slow down the aging process and extend lifespan. Well, Aubrey de Grey is a fairly controversial figure because he proposes doing away with death all together – leaving us with only taxes, I guess?

De Grey argues that the fundamental knowledge needed to develop effective anti-aging medicine mostly already exists, and that the science is ahead of the funding. He works to identify and promote specific technological approaches to the reversal of various aspects of aging, or as de Grey puts it, “the set of accumulated side effects from metabolism that eventually kills us,”[5] and for the more proactive and urgent approaches to extending the healthy human lifespan. Regarding this issue, de Grey is a supporter of life extension.
from Wikipedia

Presentation video at a conference given 7/2005

Mandelbrot Set

Saturday, April 12th, 2008

I love geeky humor. How many songs include high level mathematical formulas?

Mandelbrot Set by Jonathan Coulton

Pathological monsters! cried the terrified mathematician
Every one of them is a splinter in my eye
I hate the Peano Space and the Koch Curve
I fear the Cantor Ternary Set And the Sierpinski Gasket makes me want to cry
And a million miles away a butterfly flapped its wings
On a cold November day a man named Benoit Mandelbrot was born

His disdain for pure mathematics and his unique geometrical insights
Left him well equipped to face those demons down
He saw that infinite complexity could be described by simple rules
He used his giant brain to turn the game around
And he looked below the storm and saw a vision in his head
A bulbous pointy form
He picked his pencil up and he wrote his secret down

Take a point called Z in the complex plane
Let Z1 be Z squared plus C
And Z2 is Z1 squared plus C
And Z3 is Z2 squared plus C and so on
If the series of Z’s should always stay
Close to Z and never trend away
That point is in the Mandelbrot Set

Mandelbrot Set you’re a Rorschach Test on fire
You’re a day-glo pterodactyl
You’re a heart-shaped box of springs and wire
You’re one badass fucking fractal
And you’re just in time to save the day
Sweeping all our fears away
You can change the world in a tiny way

Mandelbrot’s in heaven, at least he will be when he’s dead
Right now he’s still alive and teaching math at Yale
He gave us order out of chaos, he gave us hope where there was none
And his geometry succeeds where others fail
If you ever lose your way, a butterfly will flap its wings
From a million miles away, a little miracle will come to take you home

Just take a point called Z in the complex plane
Let Z1 be Z squared plus C
And Z2 is Z1 squared plus C
And Z3 is Z2 squared plus C and so on
If the series of Z’s should always stay
Close to Z and never trend away
That point is in the Mandelbrot Set
Mandelbrot Set you’re a Rorschach Test on fire
You’re a day-glo pterodactyl
You’re a heart-shaped box of springs and wire
You’re one badass fucking fractal
And you’re just in time to save the day
Sweeping all our fears away
You can change the world in a tiny way
And you’re just in time to save the day
Sweeping all our fears away
You can change the world in a tiny way
Go on change the world in a tiny way
Come on change the world in a tiny way
[Mandelbrot Set Lyrics on

Whorfian Hypothesis

Wednesday, April 9th, 2008

For internal reasons, I was recently reminded of this. Thought others might find it interesting.

Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
The hypothesis postulates that a particular language’s nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers: that different language patterns yield different patterns of thought. This idea challenges the possibility of perfectly representing the world with language, because it implies that the mechanisms of any language condition the thoughts of its speaker community. The hypothesis emerges in strong and weak formulations.

In other words, if a word that represents a concept does not exist in your language, you are unlikely to think of that concept. Language is a constraint to the thoughts of the speaker.

from Whorf:
We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native language. The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds—and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds. We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way—an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language [...] all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar, or can in some way be calibrated

from Sapir:
Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the “real world” is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached … We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1958 [1929], p. 69)

Father of Intelligent Design

Tuesday, April 8th, 2008

Is it right that the father of Intelligent Design is a lawyer and not a biologist? Would you accept laws written by a garbage collector or biology theory from your priest. To do so is to rescind 500 years of enlightenment. I choose 2008 and not 1508.

I believe, this person is more interested in setting other people’s belief to his own choosing than finding truthful answers to honest questions. A choice is here; shall our science by based on propaganda or observation.

Anyone can choose to believe anything they want. My issue is with spending money to convincing others of a belief by choosing only to use ideas that support one point of view. Make your own decision, but don’t assume that because a scientists’ work is quoted that you are viewing all of the person’s research just because it’s a scientists’ work.

In Defense of Intelligent Design
Phillip Johnson is known as the father of intelligent design. The idea in its current form appeared in the 1980s, and Johnson adopted and developed it after Darwinian evolution came up short, in his view, in explaining how all organisms, including humans, came into being. Johnson taught law for over 30 years at the University of California at Berkeley and is the author of the book Darwin on Trial, in which he argues that empirical evidence in support of Darwin’s theory is lacking. In this interview, hear why he feels that such evidence is “somewhere between weak and nonexistent,” why he feels intelligent design is a testable science, and why he thought the Dover trial was a train wreck waiting to happen.

Did you know the UK has a ban on manned space flight since 1986?

Wednesday, March 19th, 2008


The British National Space Centre (BNSC), Britain’s equivalent of NASA, notes in a new report (UK Civil Space Strategy: 2008-2012 and beyond) that “In 1986, the UK chose not to participate in human space missions.” This decision is still in place in 2008. There were no British manned space programs before 1986 either, so it could be stated that the British government has avoided human spaceflight for the entire duration of the half-century-old Space Age.
Opponents of human spaceflight have maintained the status quo for decades. Even a small, internationally cooperative spaceflight program will meet entrenched political opposition.

This is remarkable because all the other major powers in the world are involved with human spaceflight to some degree. Among the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, the United States, Russia, and China have the independent capability of launching manned spacecraft, and France is a major partner in the European Space Agency’s manned flight program. In the Group of Eight (G8), again the United Kingdom is the only nation that opposes humans in space and prohibits governmental participation of any kind.


British space policy on life, the universe, and everything

Hudson Bay is Area of Lower than Average Gravity

Sunday, March 16th, 2008

Kryon book 2 mentioned several hints on gravity manipulation. Saying that the density (mass per volume) of an object is not static as we usually see it. Normally, to change density we change volume. It is an assumption that the mass of an object can not be manipulated. However, if we could change the mass and leave the volume we would have “anti gravity”.

Anyway, he/it also mentioned that there are several points around the world where gravity is not constant and can wreak havoc on propulsions systems designed to manipulate it. I came across one such area in Canada and it’s listed on Wikipedia. No one knows why gravity is lower there than elsewhere.

When Earth’s gravitational field was mapped starting in the 1960s a large region of below-average gravity was detected in the Hudson Bay region. This was initially thought to be a result of the crust still being depressed from the weight of the Laurentide ice sheet during the most recent Ice Age, but more detailed observations taken by the GRACE satellite suggest that this effect cannot account for the entirety of the gravitational anomaly. It is thought that convection in the underlying mantle may be contributing.[3]

Supposedly there are large deposits of iron ore under the bay which affect magnetic fields and compasses.[citation needed]
Hudson Bay Area

Bacteria that Eat Radiation

Thursday, March 13th, 2008

This was near the end of Kryon Book 2. I went looking. Apparently, there are bacteria that will eat anything. They may be our first line of defense when these 40 yr old nuke power plants are 200 yr old and just as “glow in the dark” then as today.

NSF: Radiation Eaters
But in the 1960s, scientists began discovering exotic organisms that play by astonishingly different rules, such as microbes living in near-boiling water or high-acidity environments. Now, a team searching deep in a South African gold mine has found one that redefines the very limits of life: Bacteria that subsist in rock at huge pressure for thousands of years by ’eating‘ by-products of radioactivity, completely isolated from any organic matter or effects of photosynthesis.

Scientists Seek Indestructible Bugs To Eat Nuclear Waste
Eight years ago, scientists using a metal rod here to probe the radioactive depths of a nuclear-waste tank saw something that shocked them: a slimy, transparent substance growing on the end of the rod.

They took the specimen into a concrete-lined vault where technicians peered through a 3-foot-thick window and, using robot arms, smeared a bit of the specimen into a petri dish. Inside the dish they later found a colony of strange orange bacteria swimming around. The bacteria had adapted to 15 times the dose of radiation that it takes to kill a human being. They lived in what one scientific paper calls a “witches’ brew” of toxic chemicals.
..
Scientists know of at least a dozen extremophiles. The first was discovered in 1956 in Corvallis, Ore. Scientists were zapping cans of horse meat with high radiation, trying to establish the preservative value of food irradiation. One can developed an ominous bulge. Inside, the scientists isolated pink bacteria they had never seen before.

National Geographic: Fungi Gobble Radiation to Grow, Study Says
The team performed a series of experiments to test whether the fungi could be harvesting radiation to fuel their growth, much like plants do when they capture solar energy through photosynthesis.

In addition to faster fungal growth, the researchers noted changes in the electrical structure of the melanin exposed to radiation.

Lead researcher Ekaterina Dadachova said these observations suggest that the pigment may play a role in the fungi similar to that of chlorophyll in plants, which traps energy from sunlight and converts it to “food energy” needed to sustain life.

“We have associated the faster growth caused by radiation with melanin—a phenomenon suggesting that the pigment is somehow involved in harvesting high-energy ionizing radiation” and promoting growth, study co-author Arturo Casadevall of Yeshiva University said.